The Role of United Nations in 21st Century Essay Example for Free

The Role of unify Nations in 21st Century EssayThe join Nations is an unconnected organisation of independent countries. These countries deplete joined unneurotic to work for globe pacification and against poverty and injustice. The UN was established as a result of a conference in San Francisco in June 1945 by 51 countries move to preserving tranquillity through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every some(prenominal)ize in the existence belongs to the UN 191 countries in alone.UN headquarters atomic number 18 located in saucily York City. The UN is non a piece government, and it does not make laws. It does, however, provide the means to servicing resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting us all. At the UN, all the Member States large and small, rich and poor, with differing political views and social administrations baffle a voice and vote in this process. The UN hasfour main purposes , as say in its Charter 1. To keep peach throughout the world? 2. To develop friendly relations among nations? . To help improve living conditions of poor people and abet love for each former(a)s rights and freedoms4. To be a centre for helping nations achieve these goals. ? The UN is central to orbiculate efforts to solve problems which challenge valetity. Cooperating in this effort be more(prenominal) than 30 affiliated organizations kn give together as the UN system. Day in and day out, the UN and its family of organizations work to fire respect for human rights, comfort the environment, fight disease, promote development and reduce poverty.UN agencies besides define the standards for safety device and efficient transport by air and sea, help improve telecommunications and p arent consumer guard, work to match respect for intellectual property rights and coordinate allocation of radio frequencies. The fall in Nations leads the international campaigns against ill icit drug trafficking and terrorism. Throughout the world, the UN and its agencies assist refugees and condition up programmes to clear landmines, help improve the quality of drinking water, expand food resultion, make loans to developing countries and help stabilize financial markets.The UN is central to global efforts to solve problems which challenge humanity. Cooperating in this effort are more than 30 affiliated organizations known together as the UN system. Day in and day out, the UN and its family of organizations work to promote respect for human rights, protect the environment, fight disease, promote development and reduce poverty. UN agencies in like manner define the standards for safe and efficient transport by air and sea, help improve telecommunications and enhance consumer protection, work to ensure respect for intellectual property rights and coordinate allocation of radio frequencies.The United Nations leads the international campaigns against illicit drug traffi cking and terrorism. Throughout the world, the UN and its agencies assist refugees and set up programmes to clear landmines, help improve the quality of drinking water, expand food production, make loans to developing countries and help stabilize financial markets. Historical maturation of UN When it established, its members was 51. Nowadays member of united nations are 192. This number includes Peoples Republic of China and Vati raise which is not a member of this organizations whatsoevermore.Turkey is a founding father member of United Nations. Central of United Nation is in New York. All of fulfilling with member countries are making in this space. Before this organization , on that point was different organizations. Such as league of nations which is established on term between two word war. The main differences between the League of Nations and the United Nations were the stronger executive powers assumed by the Security Council and the unavoidableness that member states should make available armed crowds to serve as placidity-keepers or to repel an aggressor.President of regular army (F. D. Roosevelt) propound to this concept (United Nations). This declaration was followed by a conference of Foreign Ministers in Moscow, in October, 1943 where discussions took place concerning a replacement for the discredited League of Nations. United Nations was stolonly used in decisions of declaration by UN which include combined and maintaining of war against axis powers on 1 January 1942. China , Soviet Union , Britain and US s delegates determined UN principal play offment by congregating in Dumbarton Oaks In Augusts and Octobers on 1944.Every year on 24 October is celebrated as United Nations day by member countries . UN principal agreement determined aim of this organization To protect international stop and security by cool solvation of problems and using active expedience. To provide development of rights of people without being any differences bet ween nation , sex, language, religion in solutions of problems about international. Language of UN United Nations silent languages are Arabic, Turkish , French , English , Spanish and Russian. Un? ted Nations basic discipline are All members are hegemon and equal. 2- All members are responsible of process of UN routine in international relations. 3- Any member of this organization wouldnt use any power. 4- All members deplete to support UNs applications. 5- UN never touch any countries home affairs except for protecting international peace. Organs of UN United Nation has six basic organ and subsidiary organ.Basic organs are general assembly, security council, sparing and social council Trusteeship Council (not active) , general secretary and international court of justice. General assembly is a basic discussing organ of UN. to each one member country has a vote. This assembly makes catching on September or December regularly, but close totimes when on that point is a extr aordinary they can be collected. Security Council has a basic responsible about international peace and security. -The Economic and Social Council assists the General Assembly in promoting international sparing and social cooperation and development. -The United Nations Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide .It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It in like manner carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security Council, the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies. -The International Court of Justice, located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the primary discriminatory organ of the United Nations. The Security Council had five permanent members, United States, the Soviet Union, China and Britain. Six other countries served two-year periods on the Council (this was increased to ten in 1965).Controversially, permanen t members were given the power to veto decisions made by the Security Council. The other nations vigorously opposed the idea of the veto but it became clear that without much(prenominal) a favoured position the five major nations would not join the United Nations. The United States Senate ratified the United Nations treaty by a vote of 89 to 2 on 28th July, 1945. The Role of United Nation United Nation is an opportunity for all world to solve global problems since sixty years. This is also opportunity to conquer anarchic system which created by dominant state .As the most re passative inter-governmental organization of the world today, the United Nations occasion in world affairs is irreplaceable by any other international or regional organizations. The United Nations has made enormous positive contributions in maintaining international peace and security, promoting cooperation among states and international development. Today, people of the world nonetheless face the two major i ssues of peace and development. Only by international cooperation can mankind meet the challenges of the global and regional issues. The United Nations can play a pivotal and positive role in this regard.Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the vernal century and promoting the establishment of a just and reasonable international political and economic order goes along with the trend of history and is in the interest of all nations. In order to strengthen the role of the United Nations, efforts should be made to uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The authority of the Security Council in maintaining international peace and security must be preserved and role of the United Nations in development area should be strengthened.To strengthen the role of the United Nations, it is essential to ensure to all Member States of the United Nations the right to equal participation in international affairs and the rights and interests of the developi ng countries should be safeguarded. The UN has had so many positive strikes on the world that naming a few would be almost silly but here goes? Established a peace treaty in Yugoslavia. If the UN didnt dwell the genocide would have moved. Has a security council that is made up of almost every type of political standing in which all have to agree if war is allowed to happen and is just.Established neutral zones in many middle eastern conflicts to make both sides beat back a breather and try to talk. Allows for unresolved communication between all the nations in the world. Sends food aid to many poor locations. Before all the haters jump in, they need to realize that it is not arrant(a) but it is at least an attempt at fixing the problems of the world. Almost all things bad that have happened from the UN have been because a country didnt listen. The role of UN in 21st Century As the United Nations (UN) enters the 21st Century, it is faced with challenges that were not seen by it s creators.The end of the Cold War, globalization, intra-state conflict, and a desire to achieve prevalent human rights continues to separate the world between those who have and those who need assistance. In order for the UN to obtain any semblance of global governance to meet these unsanded challenges, it bequeath have to move beyond its traditional logic and employment of international peacekeeping mission draws. Sending a sovereign nations furnish armed services to keep fighting parties separated will not promote long term peace, economic development, nor aid the cause of somebody liberty.While there has been much success gained through the medical, educational, and financial institutions under the UN umbrella, it has not developed the means to protect those investments. The focus of this research effort is to move away from ceremonious use of military personnel in UN peacekeeping operations and analyze the need for their replacement and enhancement with a permanent UN pa trol Force. There are two broad obstacles concerning the implementation of a UN constabulary Force. The first is nothing short of the nature of politics itself.Secondly, and many may consider a product of the former, is the means by which to gain the resources required to field a force capable of meeting the worlds needs. In both areas, the UN will have to present a case that will be supported by the people and government of its member nations. The Beginnings of Collective Security The United Nations is not the first organization that has attempted to achieve collective or regional security. History is full of alliances that have been set up at many different levels to protect property, sovereignty, and people.Although there are significant examples of such(prenominal) entities throughout history, the scope of this work can only make a brief mention of the League of Nations and some of the instances and background that has led up to our current situation in the UN. Under the UN, C old War settings and the different forms of peacekeeping will be addressed. Although there have always been calls for some form of utopian ideal among the fringes of society, the aftermath of knowledge base War I allowed for a more open discussion of a interrupt future for the world.The leadership of President Woodrow Wilson helped form the League of Nations following the Treaty of Versailles. This Wilsonian vision of a supranational organization poop outed to gain acceptance in the United States and in its mission. This first attempt at collective security lacked the infallible diplomatic support to secure its objectives and forced nations back to the alliance system in preparation for World War II. The United Nations Early Years While the loss of a generation of European men was catastrophic in World War I, the destruction of property was isolated to the war front.The Second World War saw not only the death of soldiers, but also the death of millions of civilians and entire ci ties destroy across the world. It comes as no surprise then that there was another outcry for a world body to carry off conflict before it spirals out of control. With the close of this second Great War, the birth of the United Nations gained more authority and support than its predecessor. The UN did not immediately find itself at the helm of an efficient collective security system.Instead, it was a pawn in the return to balance of power politics in the bi-polar world between the United States and Soviet Union for the beside half century. The end of World War II saw both the birth of the UN and atomic weapons. Between the spread of communism and the efforts of a containment policy, the East-West struggle left the UN with little role other than a forum for heated debate and inaction from the Security Council. According to the UN, there have been 54 peacekeeping operations from 1948 to October of 2000. Fifteen of these operations are current, but only 16 were initiated before 1989 .The fall of the Soviet Union and the removal of a bi-polar system that provided supported and control for regional tension left us with what President George Bush referred to as the new world order. It didnt take long for others to coin the phrase New World disorder. Peacekeeping Types There are a number of different definitions of peacekeeping. The first is traditional peacekeeping that was a product of the Cold War. United Nations missions between 1945 and 1988 were designed to keep direct confrontation limited between the US and Soviets.Traditional peacekeeping puts a military force between former belligerents to monitor a cease-fire duration diplomatic negotiations are conducted. While this type of operation may still be required on occasion between nations, it can be accomplished with a third country military force as needed. other(a) definitions of the peacekeeping mission since the late 1980s require some refinement due to the nature of the operations. There are three othe r definitions of peacekeeping as they apply to conflicts within a nation or among small, undeveloped countries.These operations are labeled multidimensional peace operations, humanitarian interpolation, and peace enforcement. Multidimensional peace operations are similar to traditional peacekeeping, but have an implementation schedule and timeline. A multidimensional operation also involves separating the factions and working towards a peace accord that addresses the underlying cause of an internal conflict. Humanitarian intervention sometimes lacks the consent of the warring parties and is frequently thought to violate a nations sovereignty when there is a desire to maintain an isolationist approach.However, to stop further loss of life or a threat to international peace and security may require such an intervention. The last type of operation to be addressed is that of peace enforcement. In this case, coercive force is used by the intervening parties to suppress conflict in a spe cific area as a result of genocide or lack of governance. As tell earlier, traditional peacekeeping operations between nation states is not in severe need of change and therefore not the focus of this research effort. It is necessary for the full means available to a modern military to stand between nations on the verge of war.This paper will address the specific requirement of a UN Police Force to conduct the multidimensional peace operations required for the plethora of failed states that have emerged in the post Cold War World. The next chapter will address why the UN should form an international police force and the logic necessary of its member states to support it. The Need for Change The impact of globalization, moving beyond just the idea of universal protection of human rights, and the changing environment of world conflict make the logic of a UN Police Force more relevant now than ever before.The Cold War was an era of strict definitions with regard to international law. In order to protect the East-West alliances, intervention was viewed as illegal and no doubt a threat to the respective power broker. Self-determination, that supported one of the super-powers, and sovereignty of the nation was placed higher on the UN agenda than any abuse of man-to-mans within the state. While it would be easy to say the fall of the Soviet Union has caused this new phenomenon of failed states, there is a deeper sectionalization that has been opened up. States fail when they can no longer govern themselves as a result of any number of reasons.Most of the factors that cause a state to fail can be attributed to competition over resources without regard to the rule of law. Resource competition may be over wealth, education, ethnic community, or just an opportunity to seek a burst life. Throughout history the current trouble spots of the world were held together by colonial rule or under the protection of the East-West regimes. Two other reasons that can be attribut ed to the lack of involvement by the UN and industrialized nations prior to 1989 include the level of information get into and out of less developed countries before the information revolution.The ability of CNN to flash the first signs of civil disobedience, international crime, and any number of human rights violations to the watching world have forced local, regional, and multilateral agencies to answer to their public. Moreover, the people who once lacked information of the world did not realize just how poor their p lightheaded was. The effects of the World Wide Web and globalization have changed forever the way nations and people interact. There is a desire by a vast amount of the worlds population to experience the freedoms, economic prosperity, and success they see occurring in developed nations.However, the inability of their own infrastructure or political administration is preventing them from instituting laws and an enforcement billet that could lead to a more producti ve nation. Globalization The spread of technology that has resulted in increased information flow has also fostered the spread of global business. Multi-national corporations are now the rule rather than the exception when it comes to 21st Century business. The existence of a global business community that advances the lives of the population needs the same safe and secure environment to operate that people do.Globalization requires special attention because it is the basis and means for the UN to develop and employ an international police for that protects property rights and individual rights. There has been much discussion over the last decade concerning how to manage the effects of globalization. The rich wish to maintain and improve their current status while the poor seek to find the means to develop. Political focus has usually been to protect the rich nations through laws that affect immigration and import/export barriers. lamentable nations are left further behind due to t heir inability to provide the safe environment and properly suited work force to invite outside(prenominal) capital as a result of government shortcomings. While many view the spread of industry and markets as a purely business interest, a successful world economy that involves everyone must be supported politically through the establishment of law enforcement. It is the law of the rich nation that prevents market forces from allowing people, prices, and goods to meet their theoretical economic potential.Not all the people and governments of the world view globalization as a desired objective. The use of technology and business to conflate and expand markets can result in a clash of civilizations through diluted customs, ethnic integration, and labor force migration. Traditional sources of revenue such as agriculture and local industry can be moved resulting in dependence on foreign means. In order to achieve an effective world market, while at the same time promoting literacy and awareness through a global information revolution, there needs to be a sense of virtue and security felt throughout the world.The procession of some countries cannot be at the expense of the majority without inciting resentment and conflict. The UN must use globalization to promote protection of business markets while at the same time using that force to provide the means for ensuring people can live safely and seek better lives through increased access to education, religion, liberty, and means of prosperity. Even though democracy has spread since the fall of communism, it has not brought significant advances to less developed nations.Countries that have seen economic prosperity as a result of globalization have confined that success to a special interest group and not the nations people as a whole. Democracy is not enough to warrant success, an effective state requires good laws as well as law enforcement that is timely, even-handed, and loving to the poor. United Nations Dec laration of Human Rights One of the critical arguments against any type of universal human rights policy and enforcement is that they are the product of the West and cultural exceptionalists submit not to abide by international norms when it is not in accordance with their political agenda.However, as a byproduct of globalization, the world has become a littler place and nations should no longer be able to hide behind the veil of sovereignty when breaking international laws. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the several ensuing legal treaties setting out civil, political, cultural, and economic rights as well as the rights of children, women, ethnic groups, and religions, were meant to create a global safety net of rights applicable to all persons, everywherethey brook no cultural exceptionalism. The UN now has the obligation to find a means to enforce and promote these rules until they have become normally accepted by all citizens. Leaving member nations, specifically those on the UN Security Council, to decide when, where, and how human rights and globalization laws are to be enforced will only further delay the advancement of Third World Nations and promote continued armed conflict. The people of the world deserve the opportunity to work towards their own prosperity. It is incumbent upon governments to ensure an environment free to exercise individual rights and provide a certain degree of protection in life and property.Although there are occasions when direct welfare is required, the issue of direct compensation is a complex one and not in the scope of this research project. Seeking the advancement of a better alternative to the traditional use of national military forces is however. The UN must use the cornerstone of economic advancement to also promote the ideals of individual benefit. An achievable goal is the reduction of armed conflict when nations and their population feel they are reaping the benefits of their labor and exercising indi vidual freedoms.However, the world is controlled by the wealthy nations and the reality is they must be convinced a change to the status quo is required. The Catch-22 the UN faces is finding the trained personnel, finances, and time investment to help developing nations succeed while not promoting themselves as the world protector of global governance. A new UN Police Force is the means by which the developed countries of the world can provide the exemplar for Third World independence without collective, regional, or unilateral involvement of military forces. Values and PracticalitiesAs the twenty-first century draws nearer we are witnessing an era where foreign policy and international relations are increasingly values-driven. The United States and other major countries form the vanguard of what amounts to a universal crusade to spread doctrines and exercising of their version of good governance and democracy, in tandem with wider acceptance of liberal market economic policy as t he pathway to modernisation. But a profound paradox emerges here. As the world grows more democratic, so the UN becomes less democratic or at least mired in ays of governance reflecting its formative period, which fail to mirror todays world and relative global influence. Realists argue that there is no correlation between a more democratic world and a more democratic multilateral system that no intrinsic linkages exist. That is an argument that rests upon the distribution of power and those that want to maintain their built-in advantage. The signs are that the fundamental logic of such an argument will be put to the test sooner rather than later in the century ahead.Critical reflection drives us to the conclusion that scorn urgency and obvious need, the UN is probably not going to be reformed in a meaningful way. Differences among member states stemming from power-political rivalries and ideological antagonisms have been fundamental obstacles to UN reform. These differences conti nue today. Even as the debate between East and West lapsed into obsolescence, the debate between North and South continues, with emphasis on conflicting claims on fundamental values and perspectives.The UN remains a stake and a prize in this escalating debate. Every proposal for change in the organisation is assessed in the light of advantages bestowed upon one or the other side, and everyrecommendation for reform offered by one is predictably resisted by the other. Such a situation has tended to cause political gridlock everywhere. Conclusions The world no longer lacks the economic and technological means to do more than pay ideological lip service to advancing the individual rights and pursuit of prosperity to the global population.The UN must convince the wielders of hegemonic power that they may face the same problems encountered by the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires if they do not seek alternative solutions to managing world crises. Past and present attempts to quell con flict between less developed nations or manage the consequences of a failed state have not had much success. Results are the continued deployment of fall upon forces between belligerents in foreign lands. The biggest concern for a UN military force is still one of intervention in a crisis instead of the daily bearing required to enforce the law and defuse potential hot spots before they occur.The UNs member states are also reluctant to use military forces because there is little support for forcible entry. By having a UN monitored Police Force already present, this obstacle would be eliminated. While the use of deadly force is taught to police forces, it is engrained in the minds of the soldier. The likelihood of excess force and inability to interact with the target population are significant drawbacks to the use of a military force to conduct peacekeeping operations. Other obstacles for a military include lack of continuous presence and the need to return home for national emerge ncies.Even if there is a long-term military presence, the soldiers are on a rotation schedule that inhibits the contact required to promote trust. A properly trained UN Police Force could mitigate many of these problems. While the idea of a UN Police Force does meet the needs for the establishment of law and order, there are other areas that will require much research and debate. Even after the acceptance of this concept by the worlds leaders, there will continue to be the same issues that plague every effort proposed by the United Nations.In addition to those seeking the exceptions from universal implementation, the reality of financing, training, organizational structure, appropriate force size, and demographics will need to be addressed. Each of these areas will require their own research and debate. However, this level of detail will only be necessary if the need for a UN Police Force is seen as the best way to protect individuals and economic investment thereby allowing growth and development in our ever-changing world.