Economy on Food Essay Example for Free

Economy on Food Essay Numerous Americans devour food at a disturbing rate without halting to consider what they truly may be gobbling or how it wound up on their plate. On the off chance that we just set aside the effort to perceive how our food frameworks functioned, we would see the domino influence streaming down from government to average day Americans. With the end goal for us to have the option to develop and create food, ranchers are paid by our legislature as sponsorships. These harvests in many cases don't develop normally starting from the earliest stage. Synthetics are siphoned into the Earth messing up our condition. That food is than sent on ventures everywhere throughout the world, including stops at feed parcels. Creatures are taken care of the yield which has a bigger number of cons than experts to their stomach related framework and their bodies making meat have a higher convergence of fat. Obviously these items are then appropriated to our supermarkets and we get them without a tiny smidgen of dithering. Every single one of these means has an effect on the other and it may all be constrained by one issue government appropriations. Without this control ranchers may have the activity to develop with their brains set on quality over amount which thus will have more beneficial effects on each degree of our food economy. Ranchers are huge supporters toward the nourishment for our general public. The administration pays ranchers by controlling the gracefully and request through appropriations keeping the ranchers their employments. Notwithstanding, the sponsorships depend on what number of bushels a rancher can develop, which prompts an overproduction. A case of an exceptionally sponsored crop is corn. Alone, this yield causes natural, animal cultivating, and society medical problems. As indicated by Michael Pollan, a creator, extremist, and Professor of news-casting at the University of California, Berkeley, for ranchers to grow a bounteous measure of corn it requires more synthetic concoctions and pesticides to keep up developing conditions. These synthetic compounds in the long run discover its way into the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, executing marine life (45). At the point when this yield is sold, ranchers with domesticated animals get it as animal feed, for it is modest. The vast majority of the creatures we eat (chickens, pigs, and bovines) today remain alive on a tight eating routine of corn, reguardless whether or not it is beneficial for them (Pollan, 44). Cows are not use to an all corn diet which makes ranchers feed them anti-infection agents to ward off any sickness as well as contaminations. When these creatures give investigations they are sent to a butcher house to turn into the meat we eat, which is loaded up with anti-infection agents and corn. Corn arrives in a sugar added substance structure be increasingly exact - Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:25 PM called high fructose corn syrup. It is ordinarily found in soda pops since it is so sweet and modest. Because of the endowment, it replaced sugar. There is no occurrence that the discount change to corn sugars in 1980s denotes the start of the scourge of weight and Type 2 Diabetes in this nation (Pollan, 44). Since the sponsorship caused overproduction and amazingly low costs, America has released itself in getting one of the fattest and laziest countries by going to drive-through joints rather than home prepared suppers. The administration pays ranchers to develop these wares (I. e. corn, soy, wheat, rice, and cotton) for their overproduction and the ranch bill what homestead bill? offer setting for quote - Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:26 PM does practically nothing to help ranchers developing new produce The explanation the least energizing calories in the general store are the least expensive is that those are the ones the homestead bill urges ranchers to develop (Pollan, You Are What You Grow). While products of the soil costs expanded 40 percent from 1985-2000, the cost of soda pops, containing corn, declined 23 percent (Pollan, You Are What You Grow). Through government endowments and the ranch charge, it has caused a few issues concerning the earth, and animal and society wellbeing. Government sponsorships should be taken a gander at and changed significantly. Ranchers need to stop overproduction and as opposed to being paid by bushels, be followed through on to restrain creation and bolster costs (Pollan, You Are What You Grow). By supporting costs and constraining creation, yields may not be so high popular, further bringing about creatures eating what they are acclimated with and Americans eating more advantageous with less obscure added substances put into their food. Here you have moved to potential arrangements spare it for that area. - Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:28 PM The overproduction of corn in America has brought up numerous issues in regards to the procedure and creation of corn and how today is influencing us Americans. Need an alternate progress here, one that twists off from last passage - Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:29 PM Many narratives about corn, the creation, procedure, and dissemination have been explored different avenues regarding and gotten on tape, while more issues have ascended about states of corn and cultivating. Such Aforementioned issues have uncovered that however corn is modest and simple, it expands wellbeing dangers for our bodies and to creatures also. Michael Pollan writer of When A Crop Becomes King, author for the New York Times expresses that â€Å"nowhere have people done very as a lot to propel the interests of this plant as in North America , where zea mays has hinted itself into our scene, our food framework and our government financial plan. † Pollan is uncovering that individuals may scrutinize the food creation and if makers are paying special mind to our wellbeing or not. We despite everything purchase similar items and dont pose the significant inquiries, however, we simply acknowledge that it is a lifestyle. We grumble that food is unfortunate and there are once in a while any choices that are similarly as speedy and delectable as cheap food, rather, we have to pick our own choices rather then accuse the inexpensive food industry. Corn has been prepared and has become an American item for as long as barely any decades, were relinquishing the strength of both our bodies and the earth by developing and eating such an extensive amount it[ ]thats cause for our anxiety states Polan in another statement from The New York Times. Despite the fact that we have the creation of corn prepared in nourishments and took care of to creatures to make there meat increasingly greasy, the best technique that has kept the zea mays in business is the advancement of high fructose corn syrup. Look on the backs of pop jars, pieces of candy, even apples and you will see that there is high fructose corn syrup in our assimilated items. Corns being prepared into the entirety of our nourishments, beverages, and creatures is just piece of the issue, Polan states that Modern corn cross breeds are the greediest of plants, requesting more nitrogen manure than some other harvest likewise requiring more pesticide then some other yield. Corn isnt as modest as we speculate it to be, the eating routine for corn comprises of a plethera of water and is splashed with synthetic compounds each time its developed. Because of the synthetics that are showered, these synthetic concoctions discover its way to the Mississippi River which conveys it to the Gulf of Mexico, which has just murdered marine life in a 12,000 square mile territory. Polan again uncovers that on the off chance that we make a stride back, we will understand that our condition is enduring the same amount of as we seem to be, we are transitory on this planet we have to recollect that the earth isn't to be tempered with, however common. The procedure of cornification and new turns of events if modest and simple items, has cause a domino influence in our wellbeing framework. Despite the fact that our condition is enduring due to over utilization of synthetic compounds, we don't end there. decent T - Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:33 PM According to the U. S Department of Agricultures National Agricultural Statistics Service, every year in the United States, 10 billion land creatures are raised and executed for meat, eggs, and milk. To a normal American with no earlier information on our food economy this may appear to be a little actuality, in any case; it is the manner by which these animals are cultivated which has desperate outcomes on our social orders wellbeing. Livestock government assistance master Dr. Donald Broom states; Efforts to accomplish prior and quicker development, more prominent creation per individual, and proficient feed transformations and dividing are the reasons for a portion of the most exceedingly terrible creature government assistance issues. The cultivating of animals has changed drastically over the previous hundreds of years. Many despite everything consider cultivating the country assortments of horse shelters and field where animals are allowed to munch and move about until they are executed viably, as a general rule, a few ranches are monstrous modern sort offices claimed and worked by huge organizations [and] in spite of the fact that they make up a little level of American homesteads, they handle a huge level of the animals slaughtered for food in the United States (Breakdown of Livestock Farms, North American Industry Classification System in Census of Agriculture). These manufacturing plant ranches are otherwise called CAFOs or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. As a result of the over creation of corn, these creatures abstains from food comprise of only it. Since corn is a high-starch, high-vitality food, it diminishes the time it takes to stuff the steers and builds the yield from these ranches. As indicated by the narrative, King Corn, steers are taken care of for anyplace between 140-160 days and than butchered, nonetheless; corn isn't the common eating regimen of dairy cattle and since it isn't, numerous issues have originated from this strange eating routine. They are getting fatter at a disturbing rate which is useful for the companys wallets yet not for our abdomen lines considering 65% of calories from burgers are vitality calories from fat causing an immediate line between stout dairy animals, and hefty Americans (King Corn). The issue exists in the cattles stomach related framework. The substantial corn diet ferments the dairy animals stomach related tract and makes microscopic organisms structure. Under ordinary conditions a microorganisms known as E. coli 0157: H7 would be slaughtered by stomach acids however the expanded measures of corrosive takes into consideration the more corrosive safe microorganisms to flourish and imitate (Richard J.Arsenault, Corn Fed Cattle:

Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay Example for Free

Implicit understanding Theory of John Locke Essay Given the regarded and broad position that the implicit understanding hypothesis maintains, the assumption despite everything bears different appraisals. The view that people’s moral and political obligations are dependent upon an agreement between them to structure a general public is additionally correctly connected with current moral and political hypothesis. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704), an unmistakable truth-searcher among different callings of the seventeenth and mid eighteenth hundreds of years, is basically perceived for the making of his compelling implicit agreement hypothesis. Edits question that a great many people are raised inside a current society and not gave chance to select an implicit agreement; consequently, Locke’s implicit agreement hypothesis is viewed as invalid. Locke’s discredit to the blue pencils claimed that a sharp comprehension of how implicit understandings come to pass must happen preceding the headway of people in the social request. This paper will involve the implicit agreement hypothesis of John Locke and how the qualities recognized are predictable with the criminal equity framework (Uzgalis, 2007,  ¶11). The State of Nature. The implicit agreement hypothesis begins with the possibility of a condition of nature; the focal thought that criminal equity frameworks are not in presence. The breakdown of impacts bring about the absence of security gave; the powerlessness to impart wellbeing measures; and the disregard of social liberties relating to property and to individualized asylum. Open request is in disorder bringing about individuals depending on self improvement techniques to determine contrasts of feeling. The singularity of presence inside a condition of nature is one of the essential zones being talked about that distinctions happen among implicit understanding scholars. In contrast to Thomas Hobbes, John Locke’s partner in reasoning, whom references a condition of nature as a clash of everybody contrary to each other, Locke references condition of nature, not as a situation of fighting, yet in any case an issue. Locke conjectures that a network not having access to a typical judge would mean that every individual would intervene singular cases. This style of mediation would make intermittent warmed conversations being settled by close to home mercilessness. Regardless of the distinctive considering strategies Locke and Hobbes, the understanding exists that the condition of nature would create a twisted and uneasy air (Reese, 2001,  ¶11-12). The State of Nature is a state of perfect and comprehensive self-governance to oversee life in the best technique one esteems vital, as indicated by Locke. To include clearness, Locke’s proposition was not to incorporate the opportunity to do whatever one wants regardless of the outcomes. Despite the fact that the State of Nature presents a status that civil impact and government doesn't teach people for illicit thoughtless activities, regulations stay in resource. Besides, the State of Nature accept equivalency to other people and is similarly talented to make conclusions guaranteed by, what Locke guarantees, the establishment of tolerability; the Law of Nature. Locke’s perspective is that the Law of Nature was furnished to humanity by God with the guidelines not to make injury each other as to state of being, autonomy, presence, and property. In Locke’s words, â€Å"Moral great and insidiousness is just the similarity or difference of our deliberate activities to some law, whereby great or fiendishness is drawn on us, from the will and intensity of the law-maker† (Laslett, 1967, p.18). Locke invalidates Hobbes hypothesis by making guarantee that since God possesses each living animal, and each individual is viewed as comparable, individuals are not at freedom to annihilate what has a place with God. The State of Nature fills in as a lot of rules permitting individuals to seek after wholeheartedly joy by following individual zones of intrigue and making individual discretion (2001,  ¶3-4). In this perception the declaration is set up on God’s assurance yet abnormally, the hypothesis isn't reliable with Locke’s affirmation relating to the Law of Nature. Locke expounds that in light of the fact that the State of Nature is sensibly inactive; individuals are qualified for look for this joy liberated from block. Despite the fact that the speculation is somewhat repudiating, Locke’s hypothesis adds straightforwardness to the thinking of why an impartial criminal equity framework is hindering to society. Two Treaties on Government Locke construed in the Two Treaties on Government, 1686, initially individuals consented to a legislative implicit agreement to guarantee defending of property rights and security from hostility. In lieu of resistance, network individuals introduced approval to the administration for check that network individuals wished to be directed. Locke made open the case that any administration authority can reasonably be supplanted in the event that the person in question dismisses obligations or exploits the position. Locke’s perspective on exemplary nature is relevant to the discussion of the United States Criminal Justice System since initiators relied on Locke’s useful tidbits to coordinate the get together of an association of self-administering matchless quality. Evidently, various bits of the United States Declaration of Independence copy bits of Locke’s Second Treatise decisively. For instance, residents are talented â€Å"with certain unalienable rights . . . governments happen to make sure about the rights and to increase just powers from the assent of the governed† (Laslett, 1967, p. 61). Locke’s articulation relating to how deriding the legislature can become and the qualification the network individuals get is additionally noted in the Declaration of Independence. Locke’s question came about as the beginning stage for organizing an appreciated government notwithstanding an approval for resistance. Political feelings once in the past continued the proposition of network individuals giving government necessities. The idea of an inventive implicit agreement wherein the administration remained alive to give prerequisites of the organization made a novel reflection that maintained Lock’s considerations, â€Å"a individual gave up to the authority of the state just the measure of opportunity important to guarantee insurance of the privileges of other citizens† (1967, p. 3-7). The new proposition concerning authoritative relationship of the legislature to network individuals was a production of a creative, rising middleclass (1967, p. 15). End Based on the previous hypotheses of the profoundly respected John Locke, the qualities distinguished inside the State of Nature are observably reliable with the benefits of existing day criminal equity framework. Albeit testing, without the premise of Locke’s theory on implicit agreement, the criminal equity framework would need validity and empathy making an unwelcoming domain. Locke’s hypothesis makes current the limitless exhibit of affiliations and associations interlinking individuals. Implicit agreement hypothesis is unquestionably a piece of the criminal equity framework at present and in the anticipated future. Locke’s hypothesis, alongside other respectable premises, will everlastingly force the reflection upon the idea of individuals and the association with each other. Reference Laslett, P. (December 1967). Two arrangements of government and the insurgency of 1688. Locke: Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. (ISBN-13 : 9780521069038 | ISBN-10: 0521069033). Reese, R. (September 2001). Social equity hypothesis. Diary of Ethics and Justice. Uzgalis, W. (2007). Chronicled foundation and locke’s life. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

How To Use A Sample Of Term Paper For College

How To Use A Sample Of Term Paper For CollegeA sample of term paper for college can help you get ideas on how to write your own paper. It is often referred to as the 'road map' of your paper, a list of things you have to cover. It can be good to use this as a guide. Some students feel they will feel stupid if they don't follow this road map.You may even find that the sample of term paper for college has some material on it that you may not be able to fit into your paper. If so, keep looking until you are able to fit all of the information into your paper. It may take some time. But it is well worth it, especially when you see the satisfied look on your student's face when they get their paper back.Your students will appreciate this when they are writing the paper. And when they are finished with it, it will mean a lot more work when you next need them to submit it. The sample of term paper for college will be helpful.If you find that you know these subjects pretty well, do not hesita te to include them in your paper. If you think that your student has questions, provide them with more information. This will give your student more confidence in their own abilities and help them in their future.Do not be afraid to be specific when describing events in your paper. We all have a limited memory, so being specific is important. There are certain phrases or words that students use throughout the course of the year. Having a few of these in your paper will help them remember them.In addition, do not be afraid to include visuals in your paper. Video is a great way to do this. Some videos are very educational. Others will help with research and writing. If you need a video, be sure to get one from a reputable source.You can also download many papers online. This will provide a variety of options to students, which will give them more choices for a better grade. This makes your students feel more involved in their learning.Overall, a sample of term paper for college can be a big help. This will provide students with a great idea of what to expect, and how it should look when they finish the project.

The Recording Aspect Of The Taping Assignment Allowed Me

The recording aspect of the taping assignment allowed me to understand the process and value of advocacy. As I was hearing myself speak about oppression and the impact it has on individuals and communities, it allowed me to process my thoughts differently than through a typical writing assignment. I came to the realization that advocacy begins one individual at a time, that a dialogue is the simple first step to solving systems of oppression. Unfortunately, the value of advocacy in my recording lost its value because I wrote a script in advance as opposed to an impromptu recording. The reading of paper on the recording also did not allow me to veer off into a train of thought, which made it sound inauthentic or robotic. Whereas, the†¦show more content†¦If I had the opportunity to redo the taping assignment I would have done the recording impromptu (without a script) in order to see the struggle in answering these questions. This assignment made me realize that being honest and true to yourself is imperative and that we should not conform to societal norm. Advocacy begins at honest and open communication between yourself primarily. Because, in the end, if we all simply ‘look up the answers on Google’ we will all reach the same conclusions. Part Two One of the ways I am addressing a social (and personal) concerns in Montreal is through promoting a positive alliance between Jews and Arabs in Montreal. The Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an international issue (not a local one). While the conflict is a global concern, it is also a local responsibility to promote positive alliance between the two countries. I took part in designing a Syrian Refugee Group for the recently arrived refugees in Canada. The Syrian Refugee Project emerged from one of my Social Work classes where our group used academic literature, theories and frameworks to create the group. Shortly after, my classmates and I launched the project in a community organization in Montreal. Although the goal of the group itself is to help the Syrian refugees integrate into Canada, my goal, as a representative of the Jewish community is to create a positive alliance between Jews and Arabs. One of the barriers I face is the religious valuesShow MoreRelatedEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagestrademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. ARead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagestrademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A WornRead MoreMarketing Research and Information Systems47836 Words   |  192 Pagesshortest time possible and, moreover, at minimum cost. On such occasions its methods tend to be less theoretically rigorous and its analysis more superficial. The market research brief Marketing research can be concerned with any of a variety of aspects of the market: the product, sales, buyer behaviour, promotion, distribution, pricing, packaging, etc. Since the researcher cannot investigate everything about a market, he/she must be selective. The question remains as to how the researcher decidesRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages To my family who have always encircled me with love and encouragement—my parents (Samuel and Charlotte), my wife (Mary), my sons and their wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-TorRead MoreCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 PagesPublished by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the CopyrightRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesgreatest amount of time and costs of HR management are concentrated at the administrative level. However, HR management adds the greatest value at the strategic level, and the administrative activities produce a limited value for the organization. Two aspects that must be considered in this area are legal compliance and administrative systems. ENSURING LEGAL COMPLIANCE Over the past thirty years numerous laws and regulations have been enacted at national, state, and local levels. Every year these regulationsRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pages COPYRIGHT  © Kaplan Higher Education, 2012. All rights strictly reserved. No part of these materials covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of Kaplan Higher Education. Kaplan Higher Education makes every effort to contact copyright owners and request permission for all copyright material reproduced. However, despiteRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesBrooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products

Racism And The American Civil War - 963 Words

The illusion that Racism is the same creates disturbing comments when discussing current events. Racism is defined as someone who believes their race is the superior race. The current events with the confederate flags has brought about conversation that these people are racist. This term is correct but misused when discussing the context for the choice of words. Society believes these individuals are racist because displaying the flag is assumed to display hatred. These people who proudly display the confederate flag are racist because they believe the white race is the supreme race. There is nothing wrong with that idea and they have that right to that opinion. Our government is built on the principle of freedom of speech and we can’t apply this natural right to a one way street. It was that in 1860 to 1865 that the American Civil War widely known as the civil war took place, to determine survival of the union or independence of the confederacy. Among the 34 states, seven southern states South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas that the secession formed the United States confederacy, mostly known as the â€Å"south†. The south grew upon to include eleven states, although they claimed 13 Missouri and Kentucky that weren’t diplomatically recognized. However during this time period and all the conspiracy, of the confederate battle flag known as the â€Å"southern cross† came to the surface of what the civil war was all about, and was itShow MoreRelatedReconstruction and the Myth of the Lost Cause1511 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the Civil war, the Union was reestablished in racism. Reconstruction was the constitutional effort (13th, 14th, 15th amendment) of the north to force the south to treat the fr eed slaves as citizens. Reconstruction failed miserably. It is one of the least glorious parts of American history. 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Despite the Union’s victory, the end of the Civil War brought many significant national problemsRead MoreThe Glory Field By Walter Dean Myers1265 Words   |  6 PagesSadie Hosler 2 hour 11/09/15 Slavery to Segregation; Civil War to Civil Rights The Glory Field is a novel by Walter Dean Myers that follows the Lewis family through racism and segregation. It starts with Muhammad Bilal being captured from Africa in 1753. It follows through to see young Lizzy escape from slavery on the live Oaks plantation in South Carolina in 1864. After the Civil War, the family is given is plot of land they refer to as the â€Å"Glory Field†, which represents hope for the family duringRead MoreRace And Gender Roles : The Women On The Porch As Southern Gothic Literature893 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Southern culture and dynamic. After the Civil War, dramatic changes began to take place in the South. 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The inventionRead MoreRacism in North America1353 Words   |  6 Pagescolour, race, religion, culture or nationality. You may not think this is racism, but it is. My hope is that by the end of this speech you will try to put an end to racism when you hear it and when you see it. You see racism is a type of discrimination, probably one of the worst. Racism is like a revolting disease being passed down from generation to generation by vicious racists. Unfortunately, most of us will face racism in our lives in one form or another. What kind of world do we live in whereRead MoreSocial Problems: Is the United States Post-Racial?1237 Words   |  5 Pageswhole idea of post-racial America is a chimera, but because he makes it hard to believe post-racial America can be achieved at all. 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Domestic Violence And Its Effects On Our Lives - 1469 Words

Every minute 20 people are victims of intimate partner violence. (Vagianos, 2015) Domestic Violence is described a pattern of behavior that is used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence. There are many other terms for domestic violence which includes intimate partner violence, battering, relationship abuse, spousal abuse, or family violence. (Safe Horizon, 2015) Domestic violence has affected and altered my life in various ways. There has been a long history of domestic violence in my family for many decades. I can remember being younger and hearing about my grandmother and her then boyfriend getting into a domestic dispute, which led to her†¦show more content†¦Sometimes I had to threaten calling the police. I remember one time in specific I heard them screaming and hollering in the bathroom. When I busted in they were both bleeding from stab wombs. My young eyes saw both of my parent s stabbing one another. My mother had a cut on her leg and my father on his arm. I was in disbelief by what I had witnessed, and of course ran to my room in tears. There were numerous other times were I have witnessed their domestic fights before and after that incident. The worst incident that I witnessed occurred when I was 11 or 12 years old. I would never forget this dispute because I had something to do with it. My mother found out that my biological father (whom she had taken all the abuse from to be a family) had been sexually and mentally abusing me. It went on for a few years before she found out. The day she found out she was so upset and utterly disgusted that she grabbed a double edged sword that we had on the wall for decoration and tried to end his life. My mother cut his arms up pretty badly, all I could remember from that time is blood being everywhere and my father denying my accusations. Luckily, they ended their relationship when he was arrested and that was the end of me witnessing domestic violence as a child. Since that relationship my mother has made a vow to her children that she would never put us nor herself in such a horrible situation or expose us to

Oncology Unit In Acute Care Hospital Essay â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Oncology Unit In An Acute Care Hospital Essay? Answer: Introduction This essay seeks to comprehensively discuss transformative leadership theory and provide an account of its functionality within the nursing context. I work in the oncology unit of an acute care hospital and thus I have used it as the specific context for application of the theory. This case study sample is assumed to be reflective of other acute care settings. The essay is grounded in using the theory to increase the access and quality of patient care. Transformational leadership has several instrumental aspects that are quite relevant in the quest to transform and enhance the quality of health care provided to patients and the access to these services. These aspects include motivation and inspiration. This essay heavily uses them to argue out its applicability in the oncology unit. I have identified several challenges facing the unit and consequently illustrated how they can be mitigated by employing the transformational leadership approach. The essay concludes that this leadership approach can be applicable in transforming and enhancing service delivery in the oncology unit in an acute care hospital. The scope of the essay covers the history of the theory, its applicability in a practical nursing context, and the resultant conclusions from the analysis. All these are discussed broadly in an analytical manner with the exception of conclusions. A summary of the history and chief premises of the theory The term `transformational leadership`, was coined by a renowned sociologist James V. Downton in 1973 (Bruce Francis, 2013). He came up with this terminology seeking to explain the relationship between change and leadership. Later on, leadership expert James McGregor Burns build on Downton`s concept of transformational leadership in his 1978 book titled `Leadership` (Curtis, Vries, Sheerin, 2011). According to him, transformational leadership referred to a process where leaders and their followers uplift each other to greater levels of motivation and morality. Bernard M. Bass further developed the transformational leadership concept as indicated by his 1985 book tilted ``Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations`` (David Kirimi, 2012). He argued that this type of leader has the following attributes: sets vivid goals, is a reflection of fairness and integrity, exhibits high expectations, offers support and recognition, encourages others, has the ability to stir up other peoples` emotions, gets individuals to look beyond their self-interest as well as inspires and motivates individuals to reach for the improbable. There have been further developments done to the theory over time (Diane, 2013). Now over 25 years after Bass` book, it is argued that transformational leadership is one of the paramount concepts in organizational leadership (Diane, 2013). The theory is grounded on several fundamental premises. These premises include the following: Individuals will follow a person who inspires them, an individual with a vision and passion can accomplish immense things and the avenue to get things executed involves injecting energy and enthusiasm (Duygulu Kublay, 2011). Usually, people will follow the leader whom they perceive to inspire them. It is assumed their belief that the individual has some inspiration and motivation to them will act as a trigger and driving force for them to voluntarily follow the leader. Additionally, it is assumed that the person who has a vision and passion is in a good position to achieve things of great magnitude. As such, these two attributes are critical although it becomes quite a hard exercise the two most of the times. The two elements are used as the underlying factors when a person desires to achieve great things. Also, using enthusiasm and energy facilitates getting things done. This implies that energy and enthusiasm are indispensable when an individual in a leadership position wants things to be executed accordingly (Duygulu Kublay, 2011). Transformational leadership theory describes a leadership approach which brings about change in people and social systems (Edgar, 2016). Ideally, it creates positive and valuable change in the followers. When authentically enacted, it heightens the morale, motivation, and performance of the followers via different mechanisms. Such mechanisms include: linking the followers` sense of self and identity to the organization`s mission and collective identity, being an inspirational role model to them, challenging the followers to take ownership of their work and comprehending their strengths and weaknesses. This enables the leader to align followers with the tasks they can optimally perform (Elaine, 2012). The chief components of the theory include: intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and idealized influence (Elesa, 2013). Intellectual stimulation describes the level to which the leader takes risks, challenges assumptions and solicits the ideas of the followers. This promotes the development and nurturing of individuals who think independently. Individualized consideration is the degree to which the leader addresses individual follower`s needs and concerns. The empathy and support offered by the leader give them intrinsic motivation to perform their tasks. Inspirational motivation is the ability of the leader to articulate a vision which is inspiring and appealing to the followers (Gilbert, 2011). This offers the organization`s meaning and purpose hence steering the group forward. Idealized influence reflects high ethical conduct, earns respect, and instills pride and trust. It enables the leader to walk the talk (Elesa, 2013). A description of its possible application in an oncology unit Today`s nurses employ fundamental transformative communication principles to enhance interactions with patients, peers, family members and colleagues (Heuston Wolf, 2011). This implies that transformative communication principles are linked to transformational leadership principles. For instance, the linkage between the need to positively communicate and the need to optimize ones and group`s potential principles respectively. As such, I believe the blend of the two is indispensable in bringing harmony among the above-mentioned parties. This is efficacious in enhancing patient care and professionalism within the different contexts of a highly diverse society (Hutchinson Jackson, 2013). An example of the most suitable context for application of the transformative theory is in the oncology unit in an acute care hospital, where I work. The department is always busy since we provide the following services: a diagnostic job to identify a new diagnosis, treatment of therapy complications, administration of investigational and standard chemotherapy, supportive care, radiation therapy, biopsies and surgical operations, among others (Owen, 2012). The department team is large. Some members work round the clock with some reasonable breaks while others usually work on a shift basis. We possess varied levels of expertise, education, motivation and experience (Kwame, 2012). The operations of the unit are commendable since we offer excellent services round the clock to the patients received in the department (Owen, 2012). However, there have been several challenges within the unit. Such problems include: poor design of systems, inadequacy in meeting the health needs of the chronically ill patients, and lack of a shared decision-making relationship between nursing professionals and patients in the unit (Marshall, 2010). Traditionally, health care institutions have experienced challenges linked to the process of how patient care is provided (Michael, 2011). I agree with this based on my observation and work experience on the way healthcare service delivery is done in my locality and in other areas. However, I believe that such challenges can be progressively alleviated only if transformational leadership is used prudently and inclusively. The oncology unit wherein I work is a good example (Marshall, 2010). There has been poor systems design in the oncology unit. Such a key system is the patient health documentation system in the unit. For a long time, the health and treatment records of the chronically ill patients have been managed poorly. This means that the patients usually consume a lot of time waiting for their medical documents to be retrieved at the unit (Bradley, 2016). As a result, this has led to poorer quality patient care and wide dissatisfaction and disappointment among our patients (Michael L. , 2011). The theory is very instrumental in addressing the above-described challenge of poor systems design. It will aid in enhancing the patient health records documentation system. This will be achieved by bringing the responsible staff on board for an in-depth discussion with their leader (Salanova, Lorente, Chambel, Martinez, 2011). The leader will precisely articulate the vision and the need to efficaciously handle the documents of the patients. I believe that this will serve to motivate the staff to execute their mandates more effectively and, hence, avert inconveniencing the patients when they require their medical records. As such, this will motivate and inspire the unit employees on the need to be quick and swift when handling the patients` documentation (Patrick, Laschinger, Wong, Finegan, 2011). This can also be done by taking them through an induction session and also the manager challenging the staff members and inspiring them with a sense of purpose and excitement. As such, th e employees will be more likely to change or adjust their perceptions which will influence the way they handle such documentation (Smith, 2011). The inadequacy to satisfy the health needs of the patients who are chronically ill in the unit has proved to be a challenging issue. Such needs include: counseling, advice on aspects such as lifestyle, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and biopsies among other paramount needs and services offered by the unit (Nurse, 2012). I believe that this has been contributed to by the absence of enough attention to behavioral health determinants and prevention, and the disharmonious collaboration between and among the nurses and other health care providers working in the unit. It is a saddening situation (Nurse, 2012). The theory is also useful in satisfactorily addressing the issue of inadequacy in meeting chronically sick patients` needs. Addressing such needs will require the reforming of the way attention to behavioral health determinants and treatment and prevention are done in the unit (Tricia, 2015). Since the transformational leadership theory involves implementing new ideas which the followers can comfortably identify with, the leader will be able to inspire and motivate enhanced collaboration and coordination among the staff in the unit regarding the awarding of adequate attention and considerations to treatment and prevention options available and suitable to each unique individual patient. For instance, based on my experience, introducing a universally joint consultation and feedback framework in the unit is a great way of motivating change among the staff. This will include setting up a unit where such collaboration and coordination will be carried out extensively and precisely. The un it will be accessible to all the relevant staff round the clock (Tricia, 2015). From my observation, the lack of a shared decision-making relationship between nursing professionals and patients has been overtly present in the unit. This implies that there has been the absence of openness between the providers and/- or nurses and the patients. This has caused critical decisions to be made independently either by the health providers or the patients (Patricia, 2011). Transformative leadership is paramount in mitigating the lack of a shared decision-making relationship between nursing professionals or other healthcare providers and patients within the unit. This means that since the theory promotes increased ethical conduct, respect, and trust, the unit staff will be spurred to embrace a shared decision-making association with their patients (Wong, Cummings, Durchame, 2013). The trust between the staff and patient(s) may be in terms of the confidentiality of the health details of the patient and perhaps the treatment options. As such, I believe that this will initiate a considerate and comprehensive shared decision-making through an approach such as having an in-depth personal conversation with patients. Since respect is very key in decision-making between two parties, the unit will provide induction sessions for the unit staff on how to build on respect for the patients visiting our unit. This will lead to enhanced and prudent decision options f rom which informed choices can be arrived at. I am of the view that, essentially, this will also remarkably address the need to be increasingly attentive and considerate to the preferences, values, and cultural backgrounds of the patients visiting the unit. Consequently, this will cause high-quality service provision (David Kirimi, 2012). The transformative leadership theory is the most appropriate applicable theory in addressing the above-discussed challenges in the workplace situation. This is essential because all the key challenges highlighted above relate to the theory (Sadeghi Pihie, 2012). According to me, it calls for change or transformation. This will positively impact the service delivery in the crucial unit (Michael R., 2013). Based on my knowledge, the theory is applicable since it seeks to empower each staff member to achieve his or her full potential besides focusing on the general performance of the department. This is crucial (Sadeghi Pihie, 2012). Conclusion It is necessary to bring change in individuals and social systems. At the center of this is the transformational leadership approach. Its origin and development are attributed to James V. Downton, Burns and Bass. The theory has been used for many years, specifically for over twenty-five years in advocating for individual and group optimization of productivity. It has made it possible to bring the desired change in organizations and hence aid in steering them towards their consensual vision and mission. It does this by articulately involving all the followers both at the individual and group levels. This is based on its four key components which include: intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. The theory can be applied in the oncology unit in an acute care hospital to transform and enhance service delivery to the patients who visit the unit. The importance of the theory is inevitably remarkable. This is because it is suitably applicable in addressing some of the identified challenges in this unit. This is grounded in the theory`s attributes like initiating and motivating change, inspiring, connecting and challenging usually at individual and group levels. Essentially, this theory is a masterpiece in establishing desired positive and transformative change. References Bradley. (2016, 04 19). How Nursing Leadership Styles can Impact Patient Outcomes and Organizational Performance. Retrieved from onlinedegrees.bradley.eduResourcesInforgraphics Bruce, A., Francis, Y. (2013). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership. Emerald Group Publishing. Curtis, A., Vries, J., Sheerin, K. (2011). Developing leadership in nursing: exploring core factors. British journal of nursing. David, M., Kirimi, B. (2012). Transformational corporate leadership. Andrews UK Limited. Diane, H. (2013). Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Services. Duygulu, S., Kublay, G. (2011). Transformational leadership program for charge nurses. journal of advanced nursing, 633-642. Edgar, S. (2016). Organizational culture and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Elaine, R. (2012). Management and leadership in nursing and healthcare: an experiential approach. Springer Publishing Company. Elesa, Z. (2013). Leadership: A Critical Introduction. Routledge. Gilbert, F. (2011). Real Leadership: How spiritual values give leadership meaning. ABC-CLIO. Heuston, M., Wolf, A. (2011). Transformational leadership skills for successful nurse managers. Journal of nursing administration, 248-251. Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation. A nursing inquiry, 11-22. Kwame, G. (2012). Transformational Leadership. Xulon Press. Marshall, S. (2010). Transformational Leadership in Nursing: from expert clinician to influential leader. Springer Publishing Company. Michael, L. (2011). Transformational Leadership. GRIN Verlag. Michael, R. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Leadership. OUP USA. Nurse, L. (2012, 01 19). Becoming a Transformational Nurse Leader-Emerging Nurse Leader. Retrieved from www.emergingleader.com/transformational-nurse-leader Owen, D. (2012). Transformational Leadership in Nursing Practice. British Journal of Nursing, 20. Patricia, K. (2011). Nursing Leadership and Management. Cengage Learning. Patrick, A., Laschinger, S., Wong, C., Finegan, G. (2011). Developing and testing a new measure of nurse clinical leadership: the clinical leadership survey. Journal of nursing management, 449-460. Sadeghi, A., Pihie, L. (2012). Transformational leadership and its predictive effects on leadership effectiveness. International journal of business and social sciences. Salanova, M., Lorente, L., Chambel, J., Martinez, M. (2011). Linking transformational leadership to nurses` extra-role performance: the mediating role of self-efficacy and work engagement. Journal of advanced nursing, 2256-2266. Smith, A. (2011). Are you a transformational leader? Nursing management, 44-50. Tricia, T. (2015). Management and Leadership for nurse administrators. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Wong, A., Cummings, G., Durchame, L. (2013). The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update. Journal of nursing management, 709-724.

American Financial Crisis

Introduction The financial crisis, which was witnessed in the United States and the world over, has been described as one of the worst economic crises of the 21st century. Economists have termed it as the worst crisis in the economy to occur since the great depression of the 1930s. The crisis began in the year 2007.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on American Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It emanated from the housing sector of the U.S. The crisis extended to other sectors of the economy. The financial sector, which is one of the pillars in the economy, was the worst hit. The crisis had a devastating impact on the US economy, with macroeconomic forces of inflation and employment being negatively affected. With the widespread effects of the crisis, policy makers were forces to come up with measures of mitigating the crisis and its effects. As it is with policies, there are long-term effects (Marsha ll, pp. 3). This paper discuses the recent economic crisis that hit the US. It discussed the underlying causes of the crisis and the impact it has had on the economy of the United States. The paper also looks into the policies that have been coined in order to mitigate the crisis and their impact on macroeconomic forces – employment, inflation and economic growth. Finally, the paper highlight the possible gaps that are prevalent the economy in line with the crisis and the possible routes stabilizing the economy. Causes of the US Financial Crisis The financial crisis of the United States is a crisis which smoldered from the late 1990s. As many analysts have pointed out, it began in the US housing market. From the late 1900s, the prices of houses in the United States swelled at an unusually quicker pace. The swelling of house prices can be linked to three main triggering factors. These are low rates of interests which were persisted during those times, overgenerous lending by t he financial institutions, as well as speculations by the investors in the financial and the housing sectors. The housing bubble busted, and this was coupled with a crushing of other asset bubbles. This resulted in the credit crisis. Many economists have pointed out that there was a possibility of stopping the crisis could be averted at these early stages. However, many complex financial innovations were made in order to reduce the risk. It is these complex solutions that made the crisis spill to the financial market of the United States and the US economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All financial institutions, which work for profits, came up with quite complicated financial processes. These processes had similar characteristics – lack of adequate risk analysis, highly leveraged borrowing and lack of adequate regulation of betting on outcomes. These processes pro ved inefficient when the asset prices flopped (â€Å"The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report†, pp. 417). The real effect of the shouldering financial turmoil was witnessed between 2007 and 2009. It began in the US mortgage lending market. Real problems began in 2007 when the Federal Home Mortgage Corporation– Freddie Mac made an announcement that it was stopping the purchasing of high-risk mortgages. At the same time, New Century Financial Corporation, which was the US leading lender of mortgages to riskier customers, became bankrupt. These two events ushered in a real turmoil in the housing sector as the price of houses began to drop in a dramatic way. US credit rating agencies began downgrading risk assessments of the asset-backed instruments of finance. In the middle of the year 2007, the risk rose disabling financial product issuers from paying interests. Thence, it was realized that the credit bubbles and the burst in housing would result in losses on the asset-backed financial instruments. Mortgage-backed securities were downgraded from that period into the year 2008 so that they could reassess their risk. This severely dislocated the financial markets (Jansen, Beulig and Kai, pp. 1). The credit markets continued to be tight, the financial and mortgage companies were given support by the Federal Reserve. The support was given through lending facilities that offered credit on a short-term basis as well as auctions arising from the sale of mortgage-related products. These actions were inadequate or insufficient as far as the rapid falling prices of assets were concerned. It could not stop the price of assets from further falling. Institutions that were trusted with funds opted to relieve themselves from the financial risks through replenishing the risk-weighted capital rations. Bear Stearns, which is one of the largest Investment banks in America, had heavily invested in mortgage backed securities. As a result of the downgrading of the credit rat ings, the bank was severely impacted. The bank could not recapitalize and adequately cover itself from the losses. Its stock ended up collapsing in the year 2008. The bank was acquired the Morgan Chase bank in March 2008.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on American Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The takeover was facilitated by the government. The mortgage default rates continued to rise causing a problem to mortgage lenders as the collateral value fell. The largest United States mortgage lender – IndyMac collapsed in July 2008. Its assets were incorporated into the federal ownership (Marshall, pp. 3). The crisis spilt in the financial industry as mortgage firms sought to increase their capital due to downgraded securities. On the leading list was Lehman Brothers Bank, which became bankrupt. The bank was unable to raise enough capital to cover the downgraded securities. This demonstrated th at the US government was segregate on bank bailouts, which further resulted to a rise in lending rates between banks. America International Group, which was a leading credit default insurer in the United States, was suffering from liquidity problems. AIG was bailed out by the Federal Reserve – 85 billion dollars. The Group offered 79.9 per cent equity. The conflict in the industry continued to take the course with activities that further worsened the crisis (Marshall, pp. 10). As a result, the activities, in the banking industry caused the increase in the volatility in the financial market. The Down Jones Industrial Average which is an index which covers analysis on the largest 30 publicly listed companies among them large banks kept registering a drop. The largest drop was recorded on 29 September the year 2008. The investor confidence fell significantly. Investors opted to invest in safer assets like oil, the US dollar and gold. There was a rise in demand for treasury bills , which resulted in a drop in their returns. Market firms continued facing lost of pressures (Marshall, pp. 15). From the discussion above, we can summarize the causes of the financial crisis in the US as the problem in the US housing sector. Under this, we have the creation and collapse of the housing bubble. We also have the role played by the financial industry – the interaction of financial instruments and the response to the housing crash by the financial industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of the US Financial Crisis The financial crisis has an extremely significant impact on the economy of the US. These effects even spilt to other economies of the world. The overall economic impact of the financial crisis is that it created conditions that led to a downturn of the US economy. With the setting, of recession – all the effects related to a recessing economy have been witnessed (Suter and Mark, pp. 24). The great recession resulting for the financial crisis has extremely harmful effects on the labor industry of the US. Thus unemployment became inevitable. Most financial institutions could not sustain themselves in the market and had to close down with some undergoing buyouts and acquisitions. The banking and financial industry had a lot of staffs laid off. The financial industry had been destabilized and was so weakened. Investors ended up loosing trust in the financial institutions. The financial industry is supportive of the manufacturing industry and all other sectors. The accessibility to credit was jeopardized leading to layoffs in the manufacturing industry as companies struggled to adjust to the realities in the economy. A research that was conducted between November 2008 and April of 2010 approximately 40 percent of households in the US has been laid off (Suter and Mark, pp. 24). Inflation came to be a reality in the United States. As part of the measures of adjusting to the crisis, industries had to raise the prices of their products. There was a sharp rise in prices of goods and services. Coupled with the unemployment and the inability of people to pay the house mortgages, the United States saw a sharp downturn in economic growth. The economic crisis has led to a cut down in household expenditure with high cut downs seen in families with the unemployed populations. The standards of living of the Americans dropped drastically. People could not access finances for investments. The social welfare of the Americans was highly com promised with the cut down in earnings and the inflation. Business went down with closures being common for weak businesses. The crisis impacted the trading environment in the United States with the volume of international trade drastically dropped. The US lost trading ground in the international market with its competitors like China taking advantage of the crisis to gain grounds in international trade. This further contributed to the reduction in economic growth of the US (Suter and Mark, pp. 24). Measures of Averting the Crisis – Fiscal and Monetary The United States government and policy makers had to come up with both physical and monetary measures embedded in legislation. These were aimed at mitigating the consequences that the crisis was on the economy. Several responses were developed with some hitting the walls (â€Å"The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report: Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States,à ¢â‚¬  p. 112). As the crisis continued to smolder, a number of policy measures were taken with the aim of stopping the crisis from sprouting to the entire economy. The first measure was the lowering of interest rates and introduction of schemes to prevent enhanced liquidity in order to abate the credit crisis that was emerging. The second measure was the taking over of the Bear Stearns bank which was facilitated by the state. Legislation was also passed at this pint which sought to mitigate mortgage foreclosure via demand stimulation. All these failed to stop the crisis with the Federal Reserve being accused of favoring certain banks in offering credit (Marshall, pp. 3). After the real shocks of the crisis were felt, the government of United States had to move to cub the recession. The treasury was to lead in implementing the Emergency Economy Stabilization Act. The act was passed in October the year 2008. The treasury injected a capital into the financial institutions in exchange for common equity stakes and preferred stock. This was followed by massive bailouts of financial institutions for instance AIG. The other policy was the lowering of the rates of interests by the Federal Reserve and the raising of liquidity. The credit easing policy supported the purchasing treasury bills and the mortgage-backed securities. The Securities and Exchange Commission suspended the short-selling of the institutions of finance. Also, a fiscal plan known as Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan was initiated which helped the struggling home owners in the refinancing of their mortgages (Marshall, pp. 3). One of the most famous policy responses to the crisis is the famous fiscal stimulus. This policy response was developed by the Obama administration and voted into law by the US senate. Under this policy, the government of US government released 787 billion dollars. The legislation was transformed into law in 2009. This piece of legislation awarded cuts in taxes in a numb er of sensitive areas in the economy. 273 billion dollars were to be awarded to individuals and 51 billion dollars set apart for companies. 111 billion was reserved for infrastructural investment, 59 billion for healthcare, 43 billion for energy and 53 billion for education (Marshall, pp. 3). Criticism of the Policies and Suggestions Some of these policy measures were extremely resourceful in stopping the crisis from further advancing. The economic bailouts and the reduction in the rates of interests helped the economy to recover. The bailouts helped to increase the reserves of the financial institutions. Though the bailout was effective, it has had certain level f inefficiency. Most financial institutions have been accused of taking advantage of the bailout funds. They manipulate it and use it making more profits on their side while leaving those who were to benefit to suffer from large burden of interests (Kolb, pp. 59). The failure to bail some banks by the Federal Reserve and th e treasury bills was meant to ensure that banks exercised responsibility. However, this step had negative consequences on bank investments. Many banks collapsed leading to a lapse in investor confidence. The Lehman Bank was left to collapse because of bankruptcy. Inter-banking lending rates shoot up leading to the development of a crisis in the banking industry (Kolb, pp. 59). The government of the United States through the treasury managed in stopping the crisis from spreading further. However, the crisis had already reached a level where almost all sectors of the economy had been infected or affected. The financial stability plan is still being implemented by the treasury with a lot of loopholes being witnessed. A number of economic analysts are still not satisfied with the scope of the plan. They argue that the plan is not comprehensive enough to address the financial challenges facing the financial institutions and the economy of the US. The banking sector of the US still remain s troubled. The amount of money set aside for the financial stability plan has been critiqued. Many analysts point that the money is far too little to addresses the asset problem in US banks (Kolb, pp. 59). More fiscal and monetary policies that have long term goals or objectives of eliminating possible problems in the financial sector need to be developed. The US government has focused a lot of the short-term goals in of ensuring the direct effects of the crisis have been addressed. Tighter monetary policies of addressing the challenges that are born from institutions for instance speculation can be part of the long-term policies. Speculation was one of the roots caused of the crisis that engulfed the housing sector of the US paving the way to problems in banking and financial markets (Kroszner and Benjamin, pp. 25). The United stated economy has to some extend recovered from the impacts of the financial crisis. The economy has not fully recovered as it is being implied by treasury and the recovery plan. The Federal Reserve should continue with plans of offering more loans as most financial institutions have not regained the optimum capacity of service offering. As the economy continued to recover through the short-term policies, the focus has to be on the long term economic measures of regulating the financial sector. Such policies will govern actions and activities of financial institutions thereby preventing unitary actions, which are likely to destabilize the sector (Kroszner and Benjamin, pp. 25). Conclusion The Financial crisis, which hit the United States, began in the housing sector though the housing sector was not the main crisis. The crisis was transitional moving from the problems in the housing sector to the banking industry and the financial markets and the entire economy. A number of fiscal and monetary policies have been used to avert the crisis. Some are still in in implementation. The government has to shift and focus on long-term regulatory policies that will prevent such crises in the future. Works Cited Jansen, Leo H, Nick Beulig, and Kai Linsmann. Us Subprime and Financial Crisis – to What Extent Can You Safeguard Financial System Risks?: [research Paper]. München ; Ravensburg: Grinverl, 2008. Print. Marshall, John. 2009. The financial crisis in the US: key events, causes and responses. Web. from https://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/US_Financial_Crisis.pdf Kolb, Robert W. Lessons from the Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences, and Our Economic Future. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010. Print Kroszner, Randy, and Benjamin M. Friedman. Reforming U.S. Financial Markets: Reflections Before and Beyond Dodd-Frank. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011. Print. Suter, Christian, and Mark Herkenrath. World Society in the Global Economic Crisis. Berlin: Lit, 2012. Print. The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report: Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States. Washingt on, DC: Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, 2010. Print. This essay on American Financial Crisis was written and submitted by user Danny Garrett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Types of Slavery in Africa and the World Today

Types of Slavery in Africa and the World Today Whether slavery existed within sub-Saharan African societies before the arrival of Europeans is a hotly contested point between Afrocentric and Eurocentric academics. What is certain is that Africans, like other people throughout the world, have been subjected to several forms of slavery over the centuries, including chattel slavery under both the Muslims with the trans-Saharan slave trade and Europeans through the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Even after the abolition of the slave trade in Africa, colonial powers continued to use forced labor, such as in King Leopolds Congo Free State (which was operated as a massive labor camp) or as libertos on the Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde or Sao Tome. Major Types of Slavery It can be argued that all of the following qualify as slavery- the United Nations deems slavery to be the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised and slave as a person in such condition or status. Slavery existed long before European imperialism, but the scholarly emphasis on the African transatlantic slave trade led to a neglect of contemporary forms of slavery until the 21st century. Chattel Slavery Chattel slavery is the most familiar type of slavery, although they make up a comparatively small proportion of slaves in the world today. It involves the complete ownership of one human being by another, whether captured, born, or sold into permanent servitude; their children are normally also treated as property. Chattel slaves are considered property and are traded as such. They have no rights, are expected to perform labor (and sexual favors) at the command of a slave master. This is the form of slavery which was carried out in the Americas as a result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. There are reports that chattel slavery still exists in Islamic North Africa, in such countries as Mauritania and Sudan (despite both countries being participants in the 1956 UN slavery convention). One example is that of Francis Bok, who was taken into bondage during a raid on his village in southern Sudan in 1986 at the age of seven and spent ten years as a chattel slave in the north of Sudan before escaping. The Sudanese government denies the continued existence of slavery in its country. Debt Bondage The most common form of slavery in the world today is debt bondage, known as bonded labor, or peonage, a type of enslavement resulting from a debt owed to a moneylender, usually in the form of forced agricultural labor: in essence, people as used collateral against their debts. Labor is provided by the person who owes the debt, or a relative (typically a child): the borrowers labor pays off the interest on the loan, but not the original debt itself. It is unusual for a bonded laborer to ever escape their indebtedness since further costs would accrue during the period of bondage (food, clothing, shelter), and it is not unknown for the debt to be inherited across several generations. Faulty accounting and huge interest rates, sometimes as much as 60 or 100 percent, are used in extreme cases. In the Americas, peonage was extended to include criminal peonage, where prisoners sentenced to hard labor were farmed out to private or governmental groups. Africa has its own unique version of debt bondage called pawnship. Afrocentric academics claim that this was a much milder form of debt bondage compared to that experienced elsewhere since it would occur on a family or community basis where social ties existed between debtor and creditor. Forced Labor or Contract Slavery Contract slavery is defined as that created when the slaveholder guarantees employment, luring job seekers to remote locations. Once a worker arrives at the place of promised employment, he or she is violently coerced into labor without pay. Otherwise known as unfree labor, forced labor, as the name implies, is based on the threat of violence against the laborer (or his or her family). Laborers contracted for a specific period would find themselves unable to escape enforced servitude, and the contracts are then used to mask the slavery as a legitimate work arrangement. This was used to an overwhelming extent in King Leopolds Congo Free State and on Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde and Sao Tome. Minor Types Several less common types of slavery are found throughout the world and account for a small number of the total number of slaves. Most of these types tend to be restricted to specific geographic locations. State Slavery or War Slavery State slavery is that which is government-sponsored, where the state and army captures and forces its own citizens to work, often as laborers or bearers in military campaigns against indigenous populations or for government construction projects. State slavery is practiced in Myanmar and North Korea. Religious Slavery Religious slavery is when religious institutions are used to maintain slavery, One common scenario is when young girls are given to local priests to atone for the sins of their family members, which is thought to appease the gods for the crimes committed by relatives. IPoor families will in effect sacrifice a daughter by having her marry a priest or a god, and end up often working as a prostitute. Domestic Servitude This type of slavery is when women and children are forced to serve as domestic workers in a household, held at force, isolated from the outside world and never allowed outside. Serfdom A term usually restricted to medieval Europe, serfdom is when a tenant farmer is bound to a section of land and was thus under the control of a landlord. The serf can feed themselves by working on their lords land  but is liable for the provision of other services, such as working on other sections of land or military service. A serf was tied to the land, and could not leave without his lords permission; they often required permission to marry, to sell goods, or to change their occupation. Any legal redress lay with the lord. Although this is considered a European condition, the circumstances of servitude are not unlike those experienced under several African kingdoms, such as that of the Zulu in the early nineteenth century. Slavery Around the World The number of people who today are enslaved to a degree depends on how one defines the term. There are at least 27 million people in the world who are permanently or temporarily under the complete control of some other person, business or state, who maintains that control by violence or the threat of violence. They live in nearly every country in the world, although the majority are believed to be concentrated in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Slavery is also endemic in southeast Asia, Northern and Western Africa, and South America; and there are pockets in the United States, Japan, and many European countries. Sources Androff, David K. The Problem of Contemporary Slavery: An International Human Rights Challenge for Social Work. International Social Work 54.2 (2011): 209–22. Print.Bales, Kevin. Expendable People: Slavery in the Age of Globalization. Journal of International Affairs 53.2 (2000): 461–84. Print.Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, as adopted by a Conference of Plenipotentiaries convened by Economic and Social Council resolution 608(XXI) of 30 April 1956 and done at Geneva on 7 September 1956.

Project Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Management - Research Paper Example Project management could be defined as a process where individuals apply their knowledge, skills and techniques in order to project activities to meet the project requirement. In other words, project management involves activities such as planning, scheduling and controlling of activities to achieve the desired objectives of the project. As defined by Cleland and Gareis (2006), project management is successful when it follows the process which includes initiating, executing, monitoring, controlling and closing of a project to meet the project requirement. The Project Management Institute defines project management as application of skills and knowledge along with tools and techniques to meet the project requirement (Barkley, 2006). Hamilton (2004) divided project management into 5 components, i.e., initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, control and lastly, closure of a project. Project life cycle indicates all the project phases that a project has to go through in order to be completed. In other words, it is a collection of project phases that are divided so that the project can be controlled and managed accordingly. According to Kerzner (2009) project life-cycle is divided into four phases that indicates the beginning and ending point of a project. Furthermore, according to Kerzner (2009), the first phase of a project life cycle is the initiation phase followed by project planning, project execution and project closure. Each of the phases mentioned by Kerzner (2009) is further divided into activities which need to be done to accomplish the goal of project management. In order to further elaborate the project life cycle, each of the phases is separately presented along with the activities involved within the particular phase. Phase 1: Project Initiation The aim of this phase is to identify the problems along with the opportunities that the business could focus upon. This phase also includes solutions to the problems that a business may face. In this phase, the project manager defines the project and the opportunities that the organization could achieve by undertaking the project (Lewis, 2006). The activities within this phase are as follows: a) Developing a business case b) Undertaking a feasibility study c) Establishing terms o f reference d) Appointment of project team e) Setting up office f) Performing review of this phase (Lewis, 2006). Phase 2: Project Planning The second step in the project life cycle is project planning. In this phase, the manager indicates all the activities and tasks that need to be performed. In this phase, each task is linked and the manager ties the tasks with deadlines to get the task completed within the timeframe. Within this phase, the project manager identifies the number of people required for the completion of tasks along with the identification of expenses that might incur during the completion of the project undertaken. The crucial activities that are involved in this phase are as follows: a) Creation of plan b) Creation of resource plan c) Creation of financial plan d) Creation of quality plan e) Creation of risk plan f) Creation of acceptance plan g) Creation of communication plan h) Creation of procurement plan i) Contracts with the suppliers j) Reviewing the success of this phase (Meredith & Mantel, 2012) Phase 3:

Transcontinental Railroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transcontinental Railroad - Essay Example â€Å"The California Legislature took a hand in the issue in 1855-6, fearing that Congress might relax its energies, and urged a speedy construction of a railroad, but the jealousy of politicians delayed the initiative† (San Francisco News Letter, 1925). During this period, short line railroads were being made in the Mid West. The credit of starting the enterprise goes to Leland Stanford. One day, as he was passing the Collis P. Huntington store in Sacramento, Leland Stanford saw the wagons being loaded. With the development of traffic, Leland Stanford realized the need of a quicker and improved carrier service, so he discussed the matter with Collis P. Huntington, Charles Crocker, and Mark Hopkins. All of them mutually consented that a railroad connection with the East was needed. â€Å"Charles Crocker was a leading direction, and the spirit of dominant energy in pressing construction through and over all obstruction† (San Francisco News Letter, 1925). The water transp ortation met the needs of America in the pre-Civil War period. In the early 1830s, locomotives arrived in America from the Great Britain, and greatly inspired the local people of America, who were already eagerly waiting for the year-round transportation service that would be punctual unlike the riverboats and the canal barges. The railroad was just about to become the mode of transportation of the industrial America by 1860, when a tracks’ network ran across the eastern half of America. The great concern at that time was of its payment. There were two main options for payment; either the private investors would finance the railroads, or the railroads could be the enterprises of the state. America selected the free enterprise unlike most of the European countries. The government played a great role in it. Railroads were lured by a lot of states and localities with financial aid’s offers. The federal government promoted the interregional rail construction by means of la nd grants. However, the most significant boost was a legal corporation which assisted in the collection of private capital in prodigious amounts. In this way, people who had invested in the railroads were saved as they bore only the risk of the invested money rather than being personally liable for the debts of the railroad. The responsibility of making the railroad was given to the construction companies. A vast majority of those companies were financial structures. â€Å"Hiring contractors and suppliers often involved persuading them to accept the railroad’s bonds as payment and, when that failed, wheeling and dealing to raise cash by selling or borrowing on the bonds† (Henretta, 2009, p. 498). Most of the construction companies were very corrupt. The promoters tried to pocket a significant percentage of the total funds reserved for construction of the railroads. Factories were rapidly established in America during the 1870s. The products of these factories including paper, textile, and fabrics replaced the home-made articles. With the economical surge of America, a new kind of demand arose. â€Å"Railroads needed locomotives; new factories needed machinery; cities needed trolley lines, sanitation systems, and commercial Structures†

The Human Perception of Loudness Essay Example for Free

The Human Perception of Loudness Essay Aim: The aim of the experiment was to discover the difference between loudness and sound pressure level, gain knowledge of typical sound level values in common environments and to be able to make rough estimations of what sound level measurements could be in different places. Method: The CEL-440 sound level meter was used to measure sound pressure levels in dbz and loudness levels in dBA. It was decided to base the experiment on learning environments around the university, ranging from areas of study inside and outside. This was done because, as the areas that are considered in the experiement are ones that the group would use in everyday life so it would be interesting to see what loudness and sound pressure levels most people live and sit in during there every day lives. Loudness is a psychological quality which relies on human interpretation. Loudness is hard to measure as it depends on how the human ear responds to it. Sound Pressure Level is linked to loudness as it is a physical quantity which can be measured. Sound Pressure Level can be measured, when loudness cannot. Sound pressure level ranges from the smallest detectable sound which is measured in pa (pascals). Sound is heard, by air follicles vibrating on the ear. The highest sound is atmospheric pressure around 1,000,000pa that can not physically be heard. If it was any louder then there would not be any atmospheric pressure left so everything would be destroyed. Threshold of human aural perception is the pressure of the air molecules colliding with the ear drum which is close to the threshold of perception. Young people with sensitive hearing are able to hear as little as 20pa, but most people will not be able to hear this measurement. The just noticeable difference depends on factors such as overall levels and frequencies. However, it is conveniently remembered as 1dB, one decibel. When something is measured in decibels it is refering to ratio (10log power difference, 20 log voltage difference) between the amount of two levels and the level being measured. How do people hear sound? When a sound is made, it is dependant on the response of the human ear and every ear responds in a different manner. Everybody has a different individual shape to their ear. The ear canals are unique to every individual, and ear canals resonances occur at approximately 3.4khz and 13khz, but this depends on age and health. There is no accurate way of measuring sound as everybody interprets is differently. The diagram below shows the basic structure of the ear and where the ear canal is situated. Fletcher and Munson Experience 1993 was the breakthrough of an investigation that explains a great deal. They investigated the perception of loudness in human subjects. The loudness level estimated by the subject for different stimulus levels and different frequencies was recorded. Humans have a limited range of hearing whereas dogs can hear things much louder. Fletcher and Munson discovered a graph of equal loudness contours. Shown below. When the ear hears sound it is not equally sensitive to all frequencies, especially the low and high frequency ranges. Fletcher and Munson charted the response to frequencies over the entire audio range and this is shown in the graph above. The set of curves show the sound pressure level of pure tones that are percieved as being equally loud. The graph has been plotted for each 10 decibel rise in level when the reference tone is 1kHz. This is also referred to as loudness level contours. From 1 to 5kHz the curves are lowest in the range. There is a slight dip at 4kHz which probably indicates that the ear is most sensitive to frequencies in this particular range. The levels of intensity for higher and lower tones had to be raised in order to create the equal impression of loudness. The results were accurate to the predictions made for the different locations. The sound pressure level in the places such as the computer labs and lecture theatres were thought to be quieter. However there were many computers and equipment which were left on standby, appearing off and very quiet. It was thought that the the library upstairs should have been quieter than downstairs as it is where books are kept and downstairs is where groups congrigate. Although it seems fairly quiet in the upstairs section, the air conditioning fitted can effect the sound pressure level recorded. The recording booths and live room were exactly as predicted which is very good as it means they have been built correctly and are one hundred percent sound proof. The relationship between the dBa results that were collected and the dBz were more or less as expected. The measurements that stood out were the library upstairs as the sound pressure level was much higher than the loudness along with the Lecture room. The lecture room was empty until it was entered by the group and there were no lights on either. The lights turned on automatically when people entered. It was thought that in both the library and the lecture theatre there are a lot of frequencies that exist but cannot physically be heard. This would include certain machinary such as air conditioning, automated light response system, fans from computers that seem very quiet, anything that is left on standby which appears off. Loudness is a subjective quality in which is depends a huge amount on sound pressure level as well as the frequency spectrum and amplitude envelope of sound. It also depends on the environmental conditions under which it is heard and the auditory of the listener.

Impact of Family, Gender, and Education on Wuthering Heights :: Charlotte Bronte, Informative

Impact of Family, Gender, and Education on Wuthering Heights  Ã‚   Education of the 18th and 19th century connects closely to the gender association of this period. Men from wealthy families were the only persons provided the opportunity to be educated at the university level. Just as many men use golf to prove their status and superiority today, these gentlemen pursued cricket and rugby.   Another similarity with society today involves the importance of personal connections to further your education possibilities and business opportunities. Social standing was extremely important during this time. "Manners, money, birth, occupation and leisure time were crucial indicators of social standing, determining not only one's place in society but one's freedom to act, speak, learn, and earn" (Longman p. 1886).   Some interesting factors that determined this status, which I personally would love to see more of today, are loyalty, duty and public service. Instead of the elite being chosen by birth, ability and learning became the criteria for administration of society. Frances Cobbe described the boarding school that she attended as a young girl. The tuition cost was 25 times what Charlotte Bronte earned in 1841 (Longman p.1888). Cobbe describes the importance of women from well to do families at this time to be beautiful, and occupied with knitting and gossiping. Intelligence and accomplishments were not pursuits allowed to women. Charlotte Bronte described one of the few occupations permitted women at this time in her book Jane Eyre. As stated previously the income received for such grueling work was one twenty fifth the tuition of Cobbe's tuition for boarding school.

Found in Translation Essay

Closing Case: Found in Translation: How to Make the Multicultural Workforce Work 1 What role does the basic communication process in Figure 11.1 play in this case? Explain. The basic communication process is vital from the Figure 11.1 in this case. The definition of communication is â€Å"the interpersonal transfer of information and understand† as stated on page 300. This is monumental for the CEO Glynn Lloyd to do with 70 percent of his 65 employees being from different places like Trinidad, Brazil, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, and Cage Verde (p. 326). He has to have his employees carry out what he envisions for his company though understanding what is required. Which of the five communication strategies in Figure 11.3 does CEO Glynn Lloyd rely on the most at City Fresh Foods? At City Fresh Foods Glynn Lloyd relies on withhold and uphold strategy the most out of the five communication strategies in Figure 11.3. Lloyd’s also includes tell and sell strategy at City Fresh. The logistics manager, Kurt Stegenga states that the English classes was a bit much so they teach limited and key languages of City Fresh Foods such as â€Å"delivery ticket, check-out sheet and ice packs† (p. 326). â€Å"I spend a little extra time trying to help them read what they need to know (p. 326). At City Fresh Foods, the multilingual employees learn key terms such as â€Å"safe and out† and even the English alphabet by watch Sesame Street as noted in this case. Training material is visual so that at City Fresh Foods the employees can duplicate work efforts by visually looking at examples of how to do their jobs; it’s the hands on approach, â€Å"A demonstration is better than words, says Lloyd† (p. 326). How should Glynn Lloyd stimulate upward communication at City Fresh Foods? Explain. Glynn Lloyd should stimulate upward communication at City Fresh Foods by having a suggestion system. The employees that are performing the day-to-day operations are best to give suggestion on how to do something better. Just because they have a language barrier doesn’t mean that the processes cannot be Closing Case: Found in Translation: How to Make the Multicultural Workforce Work 2 achieved more efficiently or a practice from their culture could make the process better. As stated on page 312, â€Å"can be a wellspring of good ideas†. Glynn Lloyd by his openness of different cultural working together for one common purpose would benefit and seem open to the idea. Lloyd seems to have the ability to multi-task and a business sense to provide feedback if not immediate to surveys taken by his employees. How would you rate Glynn Lloyd as a listener? Explain. I would rate Glynn Lloyd as a good listener, though this case does not go into details or have examples it demonstrated through the different ways in which he communicates to the employees that all the components are there to being a good listener. Lloyd knew the 40 hour classes to teach English was not working so he adopted along with his managers of ways the multicultural employees could learn. Lloyd states, â€Å"They can talk to each other in whatever language they want† because the employees are not exclusive talking English during work. As an incentive to being in management it’s required to know English, this incentive by City Fresh to contribute up to $1,000 per person and $12,000 a year for education is huge. Lloyd makes it worthwhile for his employees to strive for success and that comes from listening to what the employees want. How comfortable would you be managing this type of multicultural organization? Explain. For me, I would not be comfortable with managing this type of multicultural organization. There are too many different languages and cultures to try to learn. I’m a person that requires immediate feedback, I would lose patients with getting a translator to encode, decode to the employees and wait to see if they understand what I need from them. I know that the future according to this case that â€Å"immigrants will account for nearly two-thirds of the country’s population growth between now and 2050† (p. 236), so in Closing Case: Found in  Translation: How to Make the Multicultural Workforce Work 3 order for me to relevant and be active in my community I better find a way to adapt and learn other languages and understand different cultures. Closing Case: Found in Translation: How to Make the Multicultural Workforce Work 4 References Kreitner, R. (2009). International Management and Cross-Cultural competence. (11th ed.). Management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.